coyote: CGHISTOGRAM

Description
This program is used as a wrapper to the Histogram command in IDL. It works around a bug
in the Histogram command when byte data is binned in versions prior to IDL 8.2, and it takes
care to match the data type of the `BinSize` keyword to the data type of the data being binned.
If this matching is not done, Histogram silently returns incorrect results. I have added the ability to
smooth the data (with the `Smooth` keyword) and to return the relative frequency of the histogram,
rather than the histogram counts (with the `Frequency` keyword). The relative frequency is a 
number between 0 and 1. I have also added the ability to specify "missing" data that should not be
binned.
Categories
General
Params
data: in, required, 
   The data from which the histogram is created.
Keywords
binsize: in, optional
   The binsize of the histogram. By default, Scott's Choice of bin size for histograms is used::
       binsize = (3.5 * StdDev(data)) / N_Elements(data)^(0.3333)
   If BINSIZE in not defined, and NBINS is defined, the BINSIZE is calcuated as::
        binsize = (Max(dataToHistogram) - Min(dataToHistogram)) / (NBINS -1)
   While it is pointed out in the HISTOGRAM documentation, it is extremely
   important that the BINSIZE be of the same data type as the data you are going to
   calculate the histogram of. If it is not, VERY strange things can happen, but the
   worst is that HISTOGRAM silently returns incorrect results. I try hard to avoid this
   result in this program.
frequency: in, optional, type=boolean, default=0
   If this keyword is set, the relative frequency is returned, rather than the 
   histogram counts. Relative frequency is a number between 0 and 1. The total of
   all the relative frequencies should equal 1.0.
input: in, optional
   Set this keyword to a named variable that contains an array to be added to the 
   output of cgHistogram. The density function of `data` is added to the existing 
   contents of `Input` and returned as the result. The array is converted to 
   longword type if necessary and must have at least as many elements as are 
   required to form the histogram. Multiple histograms can be efficiently 
   accumulated by specifying partial sums via this keyword.
l64: in, optional, type=boolean, default=0                       
   If set, the return value of HISTOGRAM are 64-bit integers, rather than
   the default 32-bit integers. Set by default if 64-bit integers are passed in.
locations: out, optional
   Starting locations of each bin. `Locations` has the same number of elements as the result, 
   and has the same data type as the input data array.
max: in, optional
   The maximum value to use in calculating input histogram. 
min: in, optional
   The minimum value to use in calculating input histogram. 
missing: in, optional
   The value that should be represented as "missing" and not used in the histogram.
   Be aware that if the input data is not of type "float" or "double" that the input
   data will be converted to floating point prior to calculating the histogram.
nan: in, optional, type=boolean, default=0   
   If set, ignore NAN values in calculating and plotting histogram. Set by default if the
   `Missing` keyword is used.
nbins: in, optional, type=integer
   The number of output bins in the histogram. The meaning is slightly different from
   the meaning in the HISTOGRAM command. Used only to calculate BINSIZE when BINSIZE is
   not specified. In this case, binsize = rangeofData/(nbins-1). When the number of bins
   is low, the results can be non-intuitive. For this reason, I would discourage the use
   of `NBins` in favor of the `BinSize` keyword.
omax: out, optional
   The maximum output value used to construct the histogram. (See HISTOGRAM documentation.)
omin: out, optional
   The minimum output value used to construct the histogram. (See HISTOGRAM documentation.)
reverse_indices: out, optional
   The list of reverse indices returned from the HISTOGRAM command. (See HISTOGRAM documentation.)
smooth: in, optional, type=integer, default=0
   Set this keyword to an odd positive integer to smooth the histogram output before plotting.
   The integer will set the width of a smoothing box to be applied to the histogram data with
   the Smooth function. This keyword is ignored if the `Frequency` keyword is set.
Examples
Create a normal distribution of random numbers and take the histogram::
   numbers = RandomU(-3L, 1000, /Normal)
   histResults = cgHistogram(numbers, Binsize=0.25)
   cgPlot, histResults
Additional examples of histogram plots can be found here::
    http://www.idlcoyote.com/gallery/index.html
Author
FANNING SOFTWARE CONSULTING::
    David W. Fanning 
    1645 Sheely Drive
    Fort Collins, CO 80526 USA
    Phone: 970-221-0438
    E-mail: david@idlcoyote.com
    Coyote's Guide to IDL Programming: http://www.idlcoyote.com
History
Change History::
   Written by:  David W. Fanning, 7 March 2013.
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2013, Fanning Software Consulting, Inc.