pymatgen.analysis.defects.core module
Base classes representing defects.
- class Defect(structure, defect_site, charge=0.0, multiplicity=None)[source]
Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Abstract class for a single point defect
Initializes an abstract defect
- Parameters
structure – Pymatgen Structure without any defects
defect_site (Site) – site for defect within structure must have same lattice as structure
charge – (int or float) defect charge default is zero, meaning no change to NELECT after defect is created in the structure (assuming use_structure_charge=True in vasp input set)
multiplicity (int) – multiplicity of defect within the supercell can be supplied by user. if not specified, then space group symmetry analysis is used to generate multiplicity.
- abstract property defect_composition[source]
Returns the defect composition as a Composition object
- abstract generate_defect_structure(supercell=(1, 1, 1))[source]
Given structure and defect_site (and type of defect) should return a defect_structure that is charged :param supercell: supercell integer, vector, or scaling matrix :type supercell: int, [3x1], or [[]] (3x3)
- abstract get_multiplicity()[source]
Method to determine multiplicity. For non-Interstitial objects, also confirms that defect_site is a site in bulk_structure.
- property multiplicity[source]
Returns the multiplicity of a defect site within the structure (needed for concentration analysis)
- class DefectCorrection[source]
Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
A Correction class modeled off the computed entry correction format
- class DefectEntry(defect, uncorrected_energy, corrections=None, parameters=None, entry_id=None)[source]
Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
An lightweight DefectEntry object containing key computed data for many defect analysis.
- Parameters
defect – A Defect object from pymatgen.analysis.defects.core
uncorrected_energy (float) – Energy of the defect entry. Usually the difference between the final calculated energy for the defect supercell - the perfect supercell energy
corrections (dict) – Dict of corrections for defect formation energy. All values will be summed and added to the defect formation energy.
parameters (dict) – An optional dict of calculation parameters and data to use with correction schemes (examples of parameter keys: supercell_size, axis_grid, bulk_planar_averages defect_planar_averages )
entry_id (obj) – An id to uniquely identify this defect, can be any MSONable type
- copy()[source]
Convenience method to get a copy of the DefectEntry.
- Returns
A copy of the DefectEntry.
- defect_concentration(chemical_potentials, temperature=300, fermi_level=0.0)[source]
Compute the defect concentration for a temperature and Fermi level. :param temperature: the temperature in K :param fermi_level: the fermi level in eV (with respect to the VBM)
- Returns
defects concentration in cm^-3
- formation_energy(chemical_potentials=None, fermi_level=0)[source]
- Compute the formation energy for a defect taking into account a given chemical potential and fermi_level
- Args:
- chemical_potentials (dict): Dictionary of elemental chemical potential values.
Keys are Element objects within the defect structure’s composition. Values are float numbers equal to the atomic chemical potential for that element.
- fermi_level (float): Value corresponding to the electron chemical potential.
If “vbm” is supplied in parameters dict, then fermi_level is referenced to the VBM. If “vbm” is NOT supplied in parameters dict, then fermi_level is referenced to the calculation’s absolute Kohn-Sham potential (and should include the vbm value provided by a band structure calculation)
- Returns
Formation energy value (float)
- class Interstitial(structure, defect_site, charge=0.0, site_name='', multiplicity=None)[source]
Bases:
pymatgen.analysis.defects.core.Defect
Subclass of Defect to capture essential information for a single Interstitial defect structure.
Initializes an interstial defect. :param structure: Pymatgen Structure without any defects :param defect_site: the site for the interstitial :type defect_site: Site :param charge: (int or float) defect charge
default is zero, meaning no change to NELECT after defect is created in the structure (assuming use_structure_charge=True in vasp input set)
- Parameters
site_name – allows user to give a unique name to defect, since Wyckoff symbol/multiplicity is sometimes insufficient to categorize the defect type. default is no name beyond multiplicity.
multiplicity (int) –
multiplicity of defect within the supercell can be supplied by user. if not specified, then space group symmetry is used to generator interstitial sublattice
NOTE: multiplicity generation will not work for interstitial complexes, where multiplicity may depend on additional factors (ex. orientation etc.) If defect is not a complex, then this process will yield the correct multiplicity, provided that the defect does not undergo significant relaxation.
- generate_defect_structure(supercell=(1, 1, 1))[source]
Returns Defective Interstitial structure, decorated with charge If bulk structure had any site properties, all of these properties are removed in the resulting defect structure
- Parameters
supercell (int, [3x1], or [[]] (3x3)) – supercell integer, vector, or scaling matrix
- class Substitution(structure, defect_site, charge=0.0, multiplicity=None)[source]
Bases:
pymatgen.analysis.defects.core.Defect
Subclass of Defect to capture essential information for a single Substitution defect structure.
Initializes an abstract defect
- Parameters
structure – Pymatgen Structure without any defects
defect_site (Site) – site for defect within structure must have same lattice as structure
charge – (int or float) defect charge default is zero, meaning no change to NELECT after defect is created in the structure (assuming use_structure_charge=True in vasp input set)
multiplicity (int) – multiplicity of defect within the supercell can be supplied by user. if not specified, then space group symmetry analysis is used to generate multiplicity.
- generate_defect_structure(supercell=(1, 1, 1))[source]
Returns Defective Substitution structure, decorated with charge. If bulk structure had any site properties, all of these properties are removed in the resulting defect structure.
- Parameters
supercell (int, [3x1], or [[]] (3x3)) – supercell integer, vector, or scaling matrix
- class Vacancy(structure, defect_site, charge=0.0, multiplicity=None)[source]
Bases:
pymatgen.analysis.defects.core.Defect
Subclass of Defect to capture essential information for a single Vacancy defect structure.
Initializes an abstract defect
- Parameters
structure – Pymatgen Structure without any defects
defect_site (Site) – site for defect within structure must have same lattice as structure
charge – (int or float) defect charge default is zero, meaning no change to NELECT after defect is created in the structure (assuming use_structure_charge=True in vasp input set)
multiplicity (int) – multiplicity of defect within the supercell can be supplied by user. if not specified, then space group symmetry analysis is used to generate multiplicity.
- generate_defect_structure(supercell=(1, 1, 1))[source]
Returns Defective Vacancy structure, decorated with charge :param supercell: supercell integer, vector, or scaling matrix :type supercell: int, [3x1], or [[]] (3x3)
- create_saturated_interstitial_structure(interstitial_def, dist_tol=0.1)[source]
this takes a Interstitial defect object and generates the sublattice for it based on the structure’s space group. Useful for understanding multiplicity of an interstitial defect in thermodynamic analysis.
- NOTE: if large relaxation happens to interstitial or
defect involves a complex then there may be additional degrees of freedom that need to be considered for the multiplicity.
- Parameters
dist_tol – changing distance tolerance of saturated structure, allowing for possibly overlapping sites but ensuring space group is maintained
- Returns
Structure object decorated with interstitial site equivalents